Checklist · Intended parents

Affordable surrogacy abroad: how to tell a legitimate program from a risky one Ten checks to run before you sign or pay anything

A lower price is not a red flag in itself. Surrogacy in Ukraine, Georgia or Armenia costs a fraction of a US program because surrogate compensation, clinic fees and legal work cost less there — not because corners are cut. The real risk is a program that is cheap because it skips the law, the surrogate's protection or a proper contract. These ten checks help you tell the two apart.

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Andrew KhodonovychFounder of Novaparent · 7 November 2026 · 7 min read

We regularly speak with couples who have been quoted a “complete” surrogacy program far below the market rate, or who were asked for a deposit before they had seen a contract. Most of these problems can be spotted early. Use the checks below with any agency — including ours.

What does legitimate and affordable look like in 2026? Guaranteed, all-inclusive programs for heterosexual couples in Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia typically start around $45,000–55,000 on the market. Novaparent's packages cost $47,000, $60,000 and $75,000 in all three countries. A “complete” quote far below the market usually leaves out IVF, extra transfers or part of the surrogate's compensation — ask what is missing. See the full country-by-country comparison.

1The country's law explicitly allows surrogacy for you

A legitimate program runs where the law expressly permits gestational surrogacy for your type of family — not where it is merely “not forbidden”. In Ukraine the basis is Article 123 of the Family Code; in Georgia, the Law on Health Care, in force since 1997; in Armenia, the 2002 law on reproductive health. All three are limited to heterosexual couples with a medical reason for surrogacy: married couples in Ukraine and Armenia, married or unmarried couples living together for at least a year in Georgia.

Ask the agency which article of which law your program relies on. If the answer is vague, or the program runs in a country where foreigners are excluded or the law is in flux, walk away.

2You know exactly how you become the legal parents

There are three routes. In Ukraine and Armenia the intended parents are the parents by statute at birth. In Georgia they are registered through the civil registry, usually within one to two weeks of the birth. In Mexico, Albania and several other countries parentage runs through a court process or adoption. Statute-based routes are faster and cheaper; court-based routes add time, legal fees and uncertainty. A legitimate agency tells you in writing which route applies — before you pay.

3Your home country can recognise the result

The local birth certificate is only half of the journey. Your child also needs citizenship and a passport from your country, and some countries require a court step at home — a parental order in the UK, for example. Check that route with a lawyer in your country before the embryo transfer. Our passport guide covers the UK, Ireland, Australia, the US and Canada.

4The agency is a real, identifiable business

You should be able to verify who you are dealing with: a registered legal entity with a registration number, a physical address and named people responsible for your case. Search the company name, read reviews on independent platforms such as Google, and be careful with agencies that exist only as a messenger account or a website without a legal name. Novaparent, for example, is registered in Ukraine as the sole proprietorship of Andrew Khodonovych, registration number 2659202114310, and every team member is named on our team page.

5You get the full contract before paying anything

Ask for the complete agreement — not a brochure — before any deposit. It should state what is included and excluded, and what happens if a transfer fails, if the surrogate has to be replaced, if there are complications or a stay in neonatal intensive care, and if the law changes. Have it reviewed by a lawyer you choose, not one the agency chooses for you.

6Payments follow milestones, not promises

Legitimate programs split payments into stages tied to events that have already happened — signing, a confirmed pregnancy, the birth. Be cautious about large upfront payments, cash, or transfers to a private person's account. Ask what happens to money already paid if the program stops. At Novaparent every package is paid in three milestones, and no payment is due for a stage that has not been reached.

7The surrogate is screened, protected and paid fairly

A program that saves money on the surrogate is the clearest warning sign of all. Ask whether she has already given birth to a healthy child of her own, what medical and psychological screening she has had, whether she has her own contract and legal advice, and how and when she is paid. Responsible agencies answer all of this openly. In our programs every surrogate has at least one healthy child of her own and goes through a medical examination, a psychological evaluation, a criminal background check and a social assessment.

8You know the clinic and can talk to the doctor

The agency should name the IVF clinic and the maternity hospital, and you should be able to speak with the treating doctor before you start. Ask about the clinic's experience with surrogacy programs and patients from abroad, how embryos are stored and documented, and who owns them. The answer to the last question should always be: you.

9The price is fixed, itemised and comparable

Compare guaranteed packages with guaranteed packages, and ask for an itemised breakdown: agency fee, medical and IVF costs, surrogate compensation and care, legal and administrative costs. Watch for “starting from” prices that cover one IVF cycle and one transfer only — repeat attempts can add $5,000–15,000 each. Budget separately for your own travel and legal advice at home. Our 2026 cost comparison explains how to read a quote line by line.

10There is a written plan B if something changes

Surrogacy laws change, clinics close, and in Ukraine the security situation can shift. Ask what happens to your embryos and your program in each case. A legitimate agency has a written answer: who owns the embryos, where they can be moved and how the program continues. At Novaparent, if Georgian law ever changed, your embryos and program would move to Armenia or western Ukraine.

Red flags — walk away if you see these

  • A promise that you will have a baby. Guaranteed packages can fix the price and the number of attempts; nobody can guarantee a live birth.
  • Pressure to pay a deposit within days, or before you have read the contract.
  • A “complete” program priced far below the market, with no clear list of what is excluded.
  • Payment in cash or to a private person's account.
  • No legal entity, no named people and no address you can verify.
  • A program in a country where surrogacy is banned for foreigners, or where the law is unclear, presented as “no problem”.
  • Vague answers about the surrogate's screening, contract or payment.

Signs of a legitimate affordable program

  • The law and the parentage route are named, in writing
  • A registered business, a named team and reviews you can check
  • The full contract and an itemised price before any payment
  • Payments tied to milestones already reached
  • Transparent surrogate screening, contract and support
  • A written plan if the law or the situation changes

?Frequently asked questions

What is the cheapest legitimate country for surrogacy?
For heterosexual couples, Armenia, Ukraine and Georgia are the lowest-cost countries with an explicit surrogacy law: guaranteed all-inclusive programs typically start around $45,000–55,000. Single parents and same-sex couples are not eligible there and usually look at Mexico, Colombia or the United States, where costs are higher and parentage often runs through a court process.
Is cheap surrogacy abroad a scam?
Not necessarily. Lower prices in Eastern Europe come mainly from lower surrogate compensation, clinic fees and legal costs. A program becomes risky when it is cheap because it skips something: the law, the surrogate's protection, a proper contract or milestone payments. The ten checks in this article help you tell the difference.
How can I verify a surrogacy agency?
Ask for the legal entity name and registration number, a physical address and the names of the people who will handle your case. Check independent reviews, ask to speak with the treating doctor, request the full contract before paying, and have it reviewed by a lawyer in your home country.
Should I ever pay before signing a surrogacy contract?
No. A legitimate agency gives you the full agreement first and links each payment to a milestone that has already been reached, such as signing, a confirmed pregnancy or the birth. Treat pressure to pay a deposit before you have read the contract as a red flag.
What should an all-inclusive surrogacy price include?
At minimum: agency coordination, surrogate matching and screening, the surrogate's compensation and pregnancy expenses, IVF and embryo transfers as specified, prenatal care and delivery, the surrogacy contract and legal work, the birth certificate and exit documents. Your own travel and legal advice in your home country are usually extra. At Novaparent, apostille, certified translations and the DNA test are also included.

Want a second opinion on your plan?

Book a free call with Andrew. We will go through the law, the parentage route and an itemised quote for your situation — and send you a written summary to show your lawyer.

Book a free consultation →

Note: This article is general information, not legal advice. Laws and practice change; confirm your situation with a qualified lawyer in your home country and in the program country before you start.

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